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Rear of Hotchkiss Modèle 1914 with inserted feed strip at Musée de l'Armée in Paris. The Hotchkiss machine gun was gas actuated and air-cooled, in contrast to the Maxim gun which was recoil operated and water-cooled. The Hotchkiss machine gun barrel features five large rings which materially assisted natural cooling and retarded overheating.
The 1.65-inch (42 mm) gun and accessories could be packed on two mules. The gun was introduced as a modern replacement for the aging twelve-pounder mountain howitzer.The first gun purchased by the U.S. military from the French arms firm of Hotchkiss was employed against the Nez Percé in 1877.
The first "flaming onion" weapon was a 37mm Hotchkiss type, smooth bore, short barreled Gatling-type revolving cannon called a "lichtspucker" (light spitter) that was designed to fire flares at low velocity in rapid sequence across a battle area. This gun had five barrels and could launch a 37 mm artillery shell about five thousand feet (1,500 m).
Hotchkiss 1897 machine gun; Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun, light machine gun also known as the "Hotchkiss Mark I" in British service and the "Benét–Mercié" in American service. Hotchkiss Mle 1914, medium machine gun; Hotchkiss 37mm, autocannon based on the M1897-M1914 model [2] Hotchkiss M1922, light machine gun
Hotchkiss M1914; Lewis M1917; M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle; Grenades. F1 M1916; Mk 1 grenade; Mk 2 grenade; Mk 3 grenade; No.5, No.23 and No.36 (Also known as "Mills") Viven-Bessières M1916 rifle grenade; Mortars. Livens Projector; Newton 6-inch mortar; Saint Étienne 58mm T No.2; Stokes mortar; Support guns. Puteaux 37mm M1915
In 1886 this gun was the first of the modern Quick-firing (QF) artillery to be adopted by the Royal Navy as the Ordnance QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss, built under licence by the Elswick Ordnance Company. [16] By the middle of World War I the Hotchkiss gun was obsolescent and was gradually replaced by the more powerful Ordnance QF 3 pounder Vickers gun.
The following year, the British government invited Hotchkiss to set up a factory in Coventry. By the end of the war, this factory had manufactured over 40,000 M1909s. [2] The U.S. version was made by Springfield Armory and by Colt's Manufacturing Company. Total production for the United States was 670. [1]
The artillery of World War I, improved over that used in previous wars, influenced the tactics, operations, and strategies that were used by the belligerents. This led to trench warfare and encouraged efforts to break the resulting stalemate at the front. World War I raised artillery to a new level of importance on the battlefield.