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A platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) [2] membrane containing bone growth enhancing elements can be stitched over the wound or a graft material or scaffold is placed in the socket of an extracted tooth. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The socket is then directly closed with stitches or covered with a non-resorbable or resorbable membrane and sutured .
A nerve guidance conduit (also referred to as an artificial nerve conduit or artificial nerve graft, as opposed to an autograft) is an artificial means of guiding axonal regrowth to facilitate nerve regeneration and is one of several clinical treatments for nerve injuries.
An allograft contains many of the beneficial characteristics of nerve autograft, such as three-dimensional microstructural scaffolding and protein components inherent to nerve tissue. [3] One of the adverse effects of nerve allotransplantation is the immunogenic response.
Cancellous bone or spongy bone, [12] [11] also known as trabecular bone, is the internal tissue of the skeletal bone and is an open cell porous network that follows the material properties of biofoams. [13] [14] Cancellous bone has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio than cortical bone and it is less dense. This makes it weaker and more flexible.
Demineralized freeze dried bone allograft, referred to as DFDBA, is a bone graft material known for its de novo bone formation properties. [1] It is used extensively in bone grafting of alveolar bone in oral and periodontal surgery.
Diagram of a typical long bone showing both cortical (compact) and cancellous (spongy) bone. Haversian canals [i] (sometimes canals of Havers, osteonic canals or central canals) are a series of microscopic tubes in the outermost region of bone called cortical bone. They allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through them to supply the osteocytes.
Artificial bone refers to bone-like material created in a laboratory that can be used in bone grafts, to replace human bone that was lost due to severe fractures, disease, etc. [1] Bone fracture, which is a complete or partial break in the bone, is a very common condition that has more than three million US cases per year. [ 2 ]
The trabecular bone consists of cancellous bone that is located between the alveolar bone proper and the cortical plates. [ 15 ] The alveolar structure is a dynamic tissue which provides the jawbone with some degree of flexibility and resilience for the embedded teeth as they encounter numerous multi-directional forces.