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During the course of the docking process, the ligand and the protein adjust their conformation to achieve an overall "best-fit" and this kind of conformational adjustment resulting in the overall binding is referred to as "induced-fit". [5] Molecular docking research focuses on computationally simulating the molecular recognition process.
Protein–ligand docking is a molecular modelling technique. The goal of protein–ligand docking is to predict the position and orientation of a ligand (a small molecule) when it is bound to a protein receptor or enzyme. [ 1 ]
Molecular docking requires accurate modeling of both ligand and protein conformation at atomic resolution, and is therefore aided by empirical determination of protein structure, often through orthogonal methods such as x-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy.
The most common technique used in many docking programs, shape-complementarity methods focus on the match between the receptor and the ligand in order to find an optimal pose. Programs include DOCK, [3] FRED, [4] GLIDE, [5] SURFLEX, [6] eHiTS [7] and many more. Most methods describe the molecules in terms of a finite number of descriptors that ...
Transcription preinitiation complex, represented by the central cluster of proteins, causes RNA polymerase to bind to target DNA site. The PIC is able to bind both the promoter sequence near the gene to be transcribed and an enhancer sequence in a different part of the genome, allowing enhancer sequences to regulate a gene distant from it.
The term "docking" originated in the late 1970s, with a more restricted meaning; then, "docking" meant refining a model of a complex structure by optimizing the separation between the interactors but keeping their relative orientations fixed. Later, the relative orientations of the interacting partners in the modelling was allowed to vary, but ...
Some of these techniques include molecular docking, structure-based pharmacophore prediction, and molecular dynamics simulations. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 8 ] Molecular docking is the most used structure-based technique, and it applies a scoring function to estimate the fitness of each ligand against the binding site of the macromolecular receptor ...
Preparing for molecular docking studies can involve many steps. When docking proteins, proteins are obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), which is an online, open access resources containing the classification, structure/folding, organism, sequence length, mutations, genome, sequence, and other data relating to proteins. [11]