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Blind thrust faults generally exist near tectonic plate margins, in the broad disturbance zone. They form when a section of the Earth's crust is under high compressive stresses, due to plate margin collision, or the general geometry of how the plates are sliding past each other. Diagram of blind-thrust faulting
[22] [23] Thrust faults typically form ramps, flats and fault-bend (hanging wall and footwall) folds. A section of a hanging wall or foot wall where a thrust fault formed along a relatively weak bedding plane is known as a flat and a section where the thrust fault cut upward through the stratigraphic sequence is known as a ramp. [24]
By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a large fault at the edge of a basin due to the greater compactibility of the basin fill, the amplitude of the fold will die out gradually upwards. [1] By mild reactivation of an earlier extensional fault during a phase of inversion causing folding in the overlying sequence. [2]
A detachment fault is a gently dipping normal fault associated with large-scale extensional tectonics. [1] Detachment faults often have very large displacements (tens of km) and juxtapose unmetamorphosed hanging walls against medium to high-grade metamorphic footwalls that are called metamorphic core complexes .
Rocks above the detachment fault form normal faults and, at the same time, shear in a "layer-parallel" motion. [11] This action creates a series of fault blocks, which are progressively tilted as the detachment fault progresses. [5] The fracturing of the fault blocks can occur in a similar time frame or develop progressively. [12]
Diagram of the thick-skinned deformation of a thrust-fault. Diagram of the thin-skinned deformation of a thrust-fault. Different processes can deform rocks, the deformation is almost always the result of stress. This stress leads to the formation of fault and fold structures, both can either extend or shorten of the Earth's crust. Thick-skinned ...
Major active fault zones of New Zealand showing variation in displacement vector of Pacific plate relative to Australian plate along the boundary. The Marlborough fault system (also known as Marlborough tectonic domain [2]) is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of the South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between ...
The junction of the Queen Charlotte, Fairweather, and Transition faults is located at the southeastern tip of the Yakutat block, an oceanic plateau and microplate. [8] The southern boundary of the QCF is marked by the complex Pacific–North American–Explorer triple junction off the coast of southern British Columbia. [8]