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[5] [6] The term "sex determination" increased in usage after 1900. [7] In the 1960 and early 70's the term "sex assignment" came into prominent use as a colloquially word for "determination of sex" and "sex determination". "Sex assignment" did not occur in writing prior to the 1960's. It is used ~100 times less frequently than "determination ...
Threshold changes in gene expression for either male- or female-determining factors is enough to change modes of sex determination, as these thresholds are heritable, and more labile sex-determining mechanisms can be advantageous in unpredictable or changing environments. [4]
Chromosomal sex is determined at the time of fertilization; a chromosome from the sperm cell, either X or Y, fuses with the X chromosome in the egg cell. Gonadal sex refers to the gonads, that is the testicles or ovaries, depending on which genes are expressed. Phenotypic sex refers to the structures of the external and internal genitalia. [6]
Sex verification in sports (also known as gender verification, or as gender determination or a sex test) occurs because eligibility of athletes to compete is restricted whenever sporting events are limited to a single sex, which is generally the case, as well as when events are limited to mixed-sex teams of defined composition (e.g., most pairs ...
In 1999, when women scientists forced real change at MIT, journalist Kate Zernike broke the story. Here's why she revisits it in her book, 'The Exceptions.' How MIT scientists fought for gender ...
Regardless, XY and ZW follow a similar route. All sex chromosomes started out as an original autosome of an original amniote that relied upon temperature to determine the sex of offspring. After the mammals separated, the reptile branch further split into Lepidosauria and Archosauromorpha.
Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the sex differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote. [1] [2] Sex determination is often distinct from sex differentiation; sex determination is the designation for the development stage towards either male or female, while sex differentiation is the pathway towards the development of the phenotype.
In an executive order Trump signed the night before, the president used a narrow definition of the sexes instead of a broader conception of gender. The US stopped allowing passport gender marker ...