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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Russian vowel chart by Jones & Trofimov (1923:55). The symbol i̝ stands for a positional variant of /i/ raised in comparison with the usual allophone of /i/, not a raised cardinal which would result in a consonant. Russian stressed vowel chart according to their formants and surrounding consonants, from Timberlake (2004:31, 38). C is hard (non ...
In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel reduction, which can confuse foreign-language learners, but some spelling reforms have changed some words.
This is because the names of the letters, numbers, and symbols can be spelled out in normal English orthography in a way that makes the pronunciation unambiguous across dialects. For example, Dead on arrival (DOA) may be better explained as "(an initialism: D-O-A )" rather than as the equally correct but less accessible / ˌ d iː ˌ oʊ ˈ eɪ / .
The letters chosen for the IPA are meant to harmonize with the Latin alphabet. [note 7] For this reason, most letters are either Latin or Greek, or modifications thereof. Some letters are neither: for example, the letter denoting the glottal stop, ʔ , originally had the form of a question mark with the dot removed.
Russia’s defense ministry has not explicitly commented on the use of the letter in its current context, but did post on Instagram last week that the pro-war symbol stems from the Russian phrase ...
Omitting or adding such detail does not make a difference to the identity of the word, but helps to give a more precise pronunciation. ⫽Double slashes⫽ indicate diaphonemes. For example, some speakers pronounce dune as /djuːn/ with a distinct /j/, others /duːn/ as if spelled doon, and even others /dʒuːn/ like June.
In Russian, the letter has little use in loanwords and orthographic transcriptions of foreign words. A notable exception is the use of ля Russian pronunciation: to transcribe /la/, mostly from Romance languages, Polish, German and Arabic. This makes л to match better than its dark l pronunciation in ла .