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Males tend to have larger teeth than females, [1] and tooth size also varies by race. [1] Abnormal tooth size is defined by some as when the dimensions are more than 2 standard deviations from the average. [1] Microdontia is when the teeth are abnormally small, and macrodontia is when the teeth are abnormally large.
Trauma, reactions to foreign bodies, or toxic reactions can also contribute to this non-plaque-induced gingivitis. Furthermore, genetics can play a significant role. Specifically, hereditary gingival fibromatosis is known to cause non-plaque-induced gingival lesions. However, sometimes, there is no specific cause for this form of gingival disease.
Micrognathism is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called mandibular hypoplasia. [2] It is common in infants, [3] [4] but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws' increasing in size.
Data derived from principal component analysis of radiographic images show that children with mild hypodontia may display significant increase of the interincisal angle and decrease in the maxillary and mandibular incisor angles. Cephalometric tracing is commonly used to study a patient's dentofacial proportions in the craniofacial complex.
The genetic cause of ED lies in mutations, or changes, in certain genes that play an essential role in forming ectodermal structures. These genes are part of signalling pathways—most notably, the EDA/NF-kappaB pathway—which guide the development of hair, skin, nails, teeth, and glands during embryonic growth.
Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.
This is important as the plaque that attaches to the surface of the tooth has bacteria that have the ability to cause caries (decay) on the tooth surface. It is recommended to brush children's teeth twice daily using a soft bristled, age and size appropriate toothbrush and if indicated age-appropriate amount of fluoridated toothpaste. [11]
Tooth pathology is any condition of the teeth that can be congenital or acquired. Sometimes a congenital tooth disease is called a tooth abnormality.These are among the most common diseases in humans [1] The prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of these diseases are the base to the dentistry profession, in which are dentists and dental hygienists, and its sub-specialties, such ...