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Ethiopian and Eritrean cuisines characteristically consists of vegetable and often very spicy meat dishes, usually in the form of wat (also w'et, wot or tsebhi), a thick stew, served atop injera, a large sourdough flatbread, [1] which is about 50 centimeters (20 inches) in diameter and made out of fermented teff flour. [1]
Injera is thus simultaneously a food, eating utensil, and plate. When the entire "tablecloth" of injera is gone, the meal is over. In Ethiopia and Eritrea, injera is eaten daily in virtually every household. Outside of Ethiopia and Eritrea, injera may be found in grocery stores and restaurants specializing in Ethiopian and Eritrean cooking.
A traditional component of Eritrean cuisine is tsebhi, which are meat stews served with injera. [5] This is similar to Ethiopian cuisine, as the history is shared by both groups of people. [ 5 ] However, Ethiopians use Amharic names whereas Eritreans use Tigrinya names. [ 7 ]
The main traditional food in Eritrean cuisine is tsebhi , served with injera (flatbread made from teff, wheat, or sorghum and hilbet (paste made from legumes; mainly lentil and faba beans). A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, goat, lamb or fish.
It is often consumed with dark or sergegna injera. [2] Shiro can be cooked and added to shredded injera or taita and eaten with a spoon; this version is called shiro fit-fit. Shiro is a vegan food, but there are non-vegan variations that use niter kibbeh (a spiced, clarified butter) or meat (in which case it is called bozena shiro).
An Eritrean woman harvesting Teff in Geshinashim, Eritrea. Teff is the most important commodity produced and consumed in Ethiopia where the flat pancake-like injera provides a livelihood for around 6.5 million small farmers in the country. [ 16 ]
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It is the most popular traditional food in Eritrea and Ethiopia. Considered the national dish, it is the food of choice during formal and informal gatherings, eaten together as part of a group who share a communal bowl and basket of injera. It is eaten only on special occasions since it takes approximately 10 hours to prepare adequately.