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2. Laser lithotripsy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_lithotripsy

   Laser lithotripsy (LL) has been evaluated against Extracorporeal Shock Wave lithotripsy (ESWL), finding both to be safe and effective. [3] [4] ESWL may be safer for small stones (<10 mm), but less effective for 10–20 mm stones. [3] A 2013 meta-analysis found LL can treat larger stones (> 2 cm) with good stone-free and complication rates. [5]

3. Lithotripsy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotripsy

   Lithotripsy replaced using lithotrites as the most common treatment beginning in the mid 1980s. In extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), external shockwaves are focused at the stone to pulverize it. [6] Ureteroscopic methods use a rigid or flexible scope to reach the stone and direct mechanical or light energy at it. Endoscopy can use ...

4. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

   Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]

5. What causes kidney stones? What does kidney stone pain ... - AOL

   www.aol.com/causes-kidney-stones-does-kidney...

   Here’s how to know that you might need treatment for kidney stones: Severe pain on either side of your lower back. Vague pain or stomach ache that won’t leave. Blood in the urine.

6. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal_shockwave...

   Some of the passed fragments of a 1-cm calcium oxalate stone that was smashed using lithotripsy. The most common use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is for lithotripsy to treat kidney stones [3] (urinary calculosis) and biliary calculi (stones in the gallbladder or in the liver) using an acoustic pulse.

7. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrohydraulic_lithotripsy

   The procedure is non-invasive and has a 90% success rate, [2] which makes it a first-line treatment for smaller kidney stones. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] EHL was the first modern extracorporeal lithotripter invented in 1954 by an engineer from Kyiv, but because he was out of favor with the Stalinist government, he was banished and the use of his invention was ...