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However, some problems have distinct optimal solutions; for example, the problem of finding a feasible solution to a system of linear inequalities is a linear programming problem in which the objective function is the zero function (i.e., the constant function taking the value zero everywhere).
This application was the motivation for Paul Erdős to find his solution for the no-three-in-line problem. [13] It remained the best area lower bound known for the Heilbronn triangle problem from 1951 until 1982, when it was improved by a logarithmic factor using a construction that was not based on the no-three-in-line problem. [14]
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
Solution of a travelling salesman problem: the black line shows the shortest possible loop that connects every red dot. In the theory of computational complexity, the travelling salesman problem (TSP) asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the ...
One solution of the nine dots puzzle. It is possible to mark off the nine dots in four lines. [13] To do so, one goes outside the confines of the square area defined by the nine dots themselves. The phrase thinking outside the box, used by management consultants in the 1970s and 1980s, is a restatement of the solution strategy. According to ...
Vertical line of equation x = a Horizontal line of equation y = b. Each solution (x, y) of a linear equation + + = may be viewed as the Cartesian coordinates of a point in the Euclidean plane. With this interpretation, all solutions of the equation form a line, provided that a and b are not both zero. Conversely, every line is the set of all ...
The two circles in the Two points, one line problem where the line through P and Q is not parallel to the given line l, can be constructed with compass and straightedge by: Draw the line m through the given points P and Q. The point G is where the lines l and m intersect; Draw circle C that has PQ as diameter. Draw one of the tangents from G to ...
When posing it in the early 20th century, Henry Dudeney wrote that it was already an old problem. It is an impossible puzzle: it is not possible to connect all nine lines without crossing. Versions of the problem on nonplanar surfaces such as a torus or Möbius strip, or that allow connections to pass through other houses or utilities, can be ...