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Jets of liquid carbon dioxide. Liquid carbon dioxide is the liquid state of carbon dioxide (CO 2), which cannot occur under atmospheric pressure.It can only exist at a pressure above 5.1 atm (5.2 bar; 75 psi), under 31.1 °C (88.0 °F) (temperature of critical point) and above −56.6 °C (−69.9 °F) (temperature of triple point). [1]
Liquid carbon dioxide is a good solvent for many lipophilic organic compounds and is used to decaffeinate coffee. [135] Carbon dioxide has attracted attention in the pharmaceutical and other chemical processing industries as a less toxic alternative to more traditional solvents such as organochlorides .
Liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2), stored in compressed cylinders, is used in conjunction with theatrical fog machines to produce "low-lying" fog effects. When liquid CO 2 is used to chill theatrical fog, the result is a thick fog that stays within a few feet of the ground. As the fog warms, or is agitated, it rises and dissipates.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (s CO 2) is a fluid state of carbon dioxide where it is held at or above its critical temperature and critical pressure. Carbon dioxide usually behaves as a gas in air at standard temperature and pressure (STP), or as a solid called dry ice when cooled and/or pressurised sufficiently.
Liquid carbon dioxide can be stored at ambient temperatures, unlike Liquid air energy storage (LAES), which must keep liquid air cold at −192°C, though the CO 2 does need to be kept pressurised. Liquid CO 2 has a much higher energy density (66.7 kWh/m 3 ), than compressed air in typical to compressed-air energy storage (CAES) systems (2-6 ...
Supercritical carbon dioxide sometimes intercalates into buttons, and, when the SCD is depressurized, the buttons pop, or break apart. Detergents that are soluble in carbon dioxide improve the solvating power of the solvent. [20] CO 2-based dry cleaning equipment uses liquid CO 2, not supercritical CO 2, to avoid damage to the buttons.
Exceptionally carbon dioxide can be produced as a cold solid known as dry ice, which sublimes as it warms in ambient conditions, the properties of carbon dioxide are such that it cannot be liquid at a pressure below its triple point of 5.1 bar. [30] Acetylene is also supplied differently.
Carbon dioxide cleaning refers to several different methods for parts cleaning, making use of all phases of CO 2: [7] basic methods include solid dry ice pellets, liquid CO 2, CO 2 snow (a hybrid method), and supercritical CO 2.