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Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity , centers of buoyancy , the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
Ship stability diagram showing centre of gravity (G), centre of buoyancy (B), and metacentre (M) with ship upright and heeled over to one side. As long as the load of a ship remains stable, G is fixed (relative to the ship). For small angles, M can also be considered to be fixed, while B moves as the ship heels.
Simpson's rules are a set of rules used in ship stability and naval architecture, to calculate the areas and volumes of irregular figures. [1] This is an application of Simpson's rule for finding the values of an integral, here interpreted as the area under a curve. Simpson's First Rule
The stability conditions of watercraft are the various standard loading configurations to which a ship, boat, or offshore platform may be subjected. They are recognized by classification societies such as Det Norske Veritas , Lloyd's Register and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).
Permeability of a space in a ship is the percentage of empty volume in that space. Permeability is used in ship survivability and damaged stability calculations in ship design. In this case, the permeability of a space is a percentage from 0 to 100. Alternately, the permeability may be a coefficient from 0 to 1. The permeability of a space is ...
MACS3 Basic Loading Program performs: Ship stability and strength calculations, covering all pertinent international regulations like e.g. IMO A.749; Numerical and graphical results for metacentric height GM, trim, heel, draft, shear forces, bending moments and torsion; Metacentric height GM check against various approved GM requirement curves
This illustration shows how the Imperial Japanese Navy used the measurement of the angle subtended by a ship to estimate the ship's angle on the bow. The target course was the most difficult piece of target data to obtain. In many cases, instead of measuring target course many systems measured a related quantity called angle on the bow. Angle ...
At a basic level, it is typically calculated in metres using the formula: [1] UKC = Charted Depth − Draft-/+ Height of Tide. Ship masters and deck officers can obtain the depth of water from Electronic navigational charts. [5] More dynamic or advanced calculations include safety margins for manoeuvring effects and squat. [7]