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The Sunda plate is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere on which the majority of Southeast Asia is located. [1]The Sunda plate was formerly considered a part of the Eurasian plate, but the GPS measurements have confirmed its independent movement at 10 mm/yr eastward relative to Eurasia.
The oceanic Australian plate is subducted beneath the continental Sunda plate along the Sunda Trench. The oceanic Solomon Sea plate is subducting beneath the South Bismarck plate and the New Hebrides plate driven by the mutual movements of the Australian and Pacific plates and local spreading centres.
A simplified map of the geological structures of Indonesia. The tectonics of Indonesia are very complex, as it is a meeting point of several tectonic plates.Indonesia is located between two continental plates: the Sahul Shelf and the Sunda Plate; and between two oceanic plates: the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate.
Caroline plate – Minor oceanic tectonic plate north of New Guinea – 1,700,000 km 2 (660,000 sq mi) Cocos plate – Young oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America – 2,900,000 km 2 (1,100,000 sq mi) Indian plate – Minor plate that separated from Gondwana – 11,900,000 km 2 (4,600,000 sq mi)
The belt's basement rock complex consists of oceanic crust from the Philippine Sea plate, including ophiolites in North Luzon, or continental crust from the Sunda plate. On top of which are Cretaceous to Quaternary magmatic arcs. These magmatic arcs are exposed in the western Central Cordillera, and the northern Sierra Madre.
The Sahul Shelf and the Sunda Shelf today. The area in between is called "Wallacea"Sundaland [1] (also called Sundaica or the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeast Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower.
The continental crust also includes northwestern New Zealand, New Caledonia and Fiji. The oceanic crust includes the southeast Indian Ocean, the Tasman Sea, and the Timor Sea. The Australian plate is bordered (clockwise) by the Eurasian plate, the Philippine plate, the Pacific plate, the Antarctic plate, the African plate and the Indian plate.
Mid-oceanic ridge basalts form most of the oceanic basin south of Sunda, according to geodynamic studies. [3] These plates began to converge in the Early Miocene. [3] The Indo-Australian Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate with a dip angle of 49–56 degrees. [4] The slab subducting under Java is continuous down to the lower mantle.