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GLUT4 has a Km value for glucose of about 5 mM, which as stated above is the normal blood glucose level in healthy individuals. GLUT4 is the most abundant glucose transporter in skeletal muscle and is thus considered to be rate limiting for glucose uptake and metabolism in resting muscles. [ 8 ]
It is responsible for the low level of basal glucose uptake required to sustain respiration in all cells. Levels in cell membranes are increased by reduced glucose levels and decreased by increased glucose levels. GLUT1 expression is upregulated in many tumors. GLUT2: Is a bidirectional transporter, allowing glucose to flow in 2 directions.
Examples of molecules that follow this process are potassium K +, sodium Na +, and calcium Ca 2+. A place in the human body where this occurs is in the intestines with the uptake of glucose . Secondary active transport is when one solute moves down the electrochemical gradient to produce enough energy to force the transport of another solute ...
Glucose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. [6] [8] The naturally occurring form is d-glucose, while its stereoisomer l-glucose is produced synthetically in comparatively small amounts and is less biologically active. [8] Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and is therefore an aldohexose ...
Glucose-6-phosphate can then progress through glycolysis. [1] Glycolysis only requires the input of one molecule of ATP when the glucose originates in glycogen. [1] Alternatively, glucose-6-phosphate can be converted back into glucose in the liver and the kidneys, allowing it to raise blood glucose levels if necessary. [2]
The glucose diffuses in the beta-cell facilitated by a GLUT-2 vesicle. Inside the beta cell, the following process occurs: Glucose gets converted to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) through glucokinase, and G6P is subsequently oxidized to form ATP. This process inhibits the ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels of the cell causing the potassium ion ...