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Petrol-powered vehicles are exempted from particulate matter (PM) standards through to the Euro 4 stage, but vehicles with direct injection engines are subject to a limit of 0.0045 g/km for Euro 5 and Euro 6. A particulate number standard (P) or (PN) has been introduced in 2011 with Euro 5b for diesel engines and, in 2014, with Euro 6 for ...
Vehicles older than 4 years required, this will change to 7 years in 2015. Specially registered cars made before 1975 and special vehicles may be exempted. Biennially when required Exempt for first seven model years of gasoline vehicles. When outside exemption, vehicles up to 32 years old – biennially, else annually.
[9] [10] [11] Methods exist to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x) and particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust. Some countries have set a date to stop selling diesel vehicles , and some city centres will ban diesel cars.
List of most-polluted cities by particulate matter concentration; Mobile source air pollution – Air pollution emitted by motor vehicles, airplanes, locomotives, and other engines; Planned obsolescence – Policy of planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life; Remote work – Employees working from any location
The operation of any car results in non-exhaust emissions such as brake dust, airborne road dust, and tire erosion, which contribute to particulate matter in the air. [53] Particulate matter is dangerous for respiratory health. [54] [55] In the UK non-tailpipe particulate emissions from all types of vehicles (including electric vehicles) may be ...
Two diesel particulate matter monitors. Exposure to diesel exhaust and diesel particulate matter (DPM) is an occupational hazard to truckers, railroad workers, occupants of residential homes in the vicinity of a rail yard, and miners using diesel-powered equipment in underground mines. Adverse health effects have also been observed in the ...