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Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B 2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as the prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases, including NADH dehydrogenase, as well as a cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. [1]
The flavin moiety is often attached with an adenosine diphosphate to form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and, in other circumstances, is found as flavin mononucleotide (or FMN), a phosphorylated form of riboflavin. It is in one or the other of these forms that flavin is present as a prosthetic group in flavoproteins.
Two types of P450 systems are found in eukaryotes. The P450 systems that are located in the endoplasmic reticulum are dependent on a cytochrome P-450 reductase (CPR) that contains both an FAD and an FMN. The two electrons on reduced FAD (FADH 2) are transferred one at a time to FMN and then a single electron is passed from FMN to the heme of ...
Riboflavin is reversibly converted to FMN and then FAD. From riboflavin to FMN is the function of zinc-requiring riboflavin kinase; the reverse is accomplished by a phosphatase. From FMN to FAD is the function of magnesium-requiring FAD synthase; the reverse is accomplished by a pyrophosphatase. FAD appears to be an inhibitory end-product that ...
In enzymology, an FMN reductase (EC 1.5.1.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction FMNH 2 + NAD(P)+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } FMN + NAD(P)H + H + The 3 substrates of this enzyme are FMNH2 , NAD + , and NADP + , whereas its 4 products are FMN , NADH , NADPH , and H + .
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The FMN riboswitch is able to selectively bind the FMN molecule due to several distinct nucleic acid residues, as well as some of the magnesium ions present in the overall riboswitch structure. FMN's planar isoalloxazine ring system intercalates between A48 and A85 residues on the riboswitch, thereby providing a continuous stacking alignment.
In enzymology, a FMN adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + FMN ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } diphosphate + FAD Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and FMN , whereas its two products are diphosphate and FAD .