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An example of a velocity triangle drawn for the inlet of a turbomachine. The "1" subscript denotes the high pressure side (inlet in case of turbines and outlet in case of pumps/compressors). A general velocity triangle consists of the following vectors: [1] [2] V = absolute velocity of the fluid. U = blade linear velocity.
The color triangles formed by velocity vectors u,c and w are called velocity triangles and are helpful in explaining how pumps work. c 1 {\displaystyle c_{1}\,} and c 2 {\displaystyle c_{2}\,} are the absolute velocities of the fluid at the inlet and outlet respectively.
The velocity triangle [2] (Figure 2.) for the flow process within the stage represents the change in fluid velocity as it flows first in the stator or the fixed blades and then through the rotor or the moving blades. Due to the change in velocities there is a corresponding pressure change. Figure 2. Velocity Triangle for fluid flow in turbine
A velocity compounded impulse turbine is shown in the figure. One-stage velocity-compounded impulse turbine - Curtis Turbine. The decrease in the absolute velocity of the fluid across the two rotor blade rows (R 1 and R 2) is due to the energy transfer; the slight decrease in the fluid velocity through the fixed guide blades (F) is due to ...
Usually the flow velocity (velocity perpendicular to the tangential direction) remains constant throughout, i.e. V f1 =V f2 and is equal to that at the inlet to the draft tube. Using the Euler turbine equation, E/m=e=V w1 U 1, where e is the energy transfer to the rotor per unit mass of the fluid. From the inlet velocity triangle,
Velocity triangles for an inward-flow radial (IFR) turbine stage with cantilever blades The radial and tangential components of the absolute velocity c 2 are c r2 and c q2 , respectively. The relative velocity of the flow and the peripheral speed of the rotor are w 2 and u 2 respectively.
The image describes the changes in velocity triangles on decreasing the specific speed or decreasing the pressure head, and finally shows the evolution from the Francis hydraulic turbine to the Kaplan hydraulic turbine. Nomenclature of a velocity triangle: A general velocity triangle consists of the following vectors: [1] [2]
The velocity triangles are constructed using these various velocity vectors. Velocity triangles can be constructed at any section through the blading (for example: hub, tip, midsection and so on) but are usually shown at the mean stage radius. Mean performance for the stage can be calculated from the velocity triangles, at this radius, using ...