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Reciprocity of electrical networks is a special case of Lorentz reciprocity, but it can also be proven more directly from network theorems. This proof shows reciprocity for a two-node network in terms of its admittance matrix, and then shows reciprocity for a network with an arbitrary number of nodes by an induction argument.
A simple electric circuit made up of a voltage source and a resistor. Here, =, according to Ohm's law. An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g., batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches, transistors) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e.g., voltage sources, current sources, resistances, inductances ...
A network of impedances with more than two terminals cannot be reduced to a single impedance equivalent circuit. An n-terminal network can, at best, be reduced to n impedances (at worst ()). For a three terminal network, the three impedances can be expressed as a three node delta (Δ) network or four node star (Y) network.
Theoretical developments in the electrical domain [note 1] that were particularly useful were the representation of an electrical network as an abstract topological diagram (the circuit diagram) using the lumped element model and the ability of network analysis to synthesise a network to meet a prescribed frequency function.
Network analogs have been constructed for a wide variety of physical systems, and have proven extremely useful in analyzing their dynamic behavior. The classical application area for network theory and Tellegen's theorem is electrical circuit theory. It is mainly in use to design filters in signal processing applications.
[1] [7] However, ferroresonance generally occurs when a transformer driving a system with primarily reactive (large imaginary part) impedance experiences perturbation to a single electrical phase. [8] [9] The transformer must be operating close to its saturation point, [10] at which a real transformer's leakage inductance decreases dramatically ...
Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of physics focused on the study of interactions between electric charges and currents using an extension of the classical Newtonian model. It is, therefore, a classical field theory.
Bode, Hendrik, Network Analysis and Feedback Amplifier Design, pp. 360–371, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1945 OCLC 1078811368. Brune, Otto, "Synthesis of a finite two-terminal network whose driving-point impedance is a prescribed function of frequency", MIT Journal of Mathematics and Physics, vol. 10, pp. 191–236, April 1931.