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Floyd–Steinberg dithering is an image dithering algorithm first published in 1976 by Robert W. Floyd and Louis Steinberg. It is commonly used by image manipulation software. It is commonly used by image manipulation software.
Ordered dithering is any image dithering algorithm which uses a pre-set threshold map tiled across an image. It is commonly used to display a continuous image on a display of smaller color depth . For example, Microsoft Windows uses it in 16-color graphics modes.
The same algorithms may be applied to each of the red, green, and blue (or cyan, magenta, yellow, black) channels of a color image to achieve a color effect on printers such as color laser printers that can only print single color values.
However, digital image processing has also enabled more sophisticated dithering algorithms to decide which pixels to turn black or white, some of which yield better results than digital halftoning. Digital halftoning based on some modern image processing tools such as nonlinear diffusion and stochastic flipping has also been proposed recently. [15]
The term dither was published in books on analog computation and hydraulically controlled guns shortly after World War II. [1] [2] [nb 1] Though he did not use the term dither, the concept of dithering to reduce quantization patterns was first applied by Lawrence G. Roberts [4] in his 1961 MIT master's thesis [5] and 1962 article. [6]
Atkinson dithering is a variant of Floyd–Steinberg dithering designed by Bill Atkinson at Apple Computer, ... The algorithm scans the image from left to right, top ...
Adding an appropriate amount of dither during quantization prevents determinable errors correlated to the signal. If dither is not used then noise shaping effectively functions merely as distortion shaping — pushing the distortion energy around to different frequency bands, but it is still distortion. If dither is added to the process as
In 1979 he reported on the very first algorithm for computer-aided design of dither matrices. [3] Such search-based methods are now routinely used for the design of halftone screens. After 1980 Allebach turned his attention elsewhere due to the lack of practical applications at that time for his halftoning work.