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The resistance of copper wire is approximately 1 Ω / 1000 ft for 10 AWG, 10 Ω / 1000 ft for 20 AWG, 100 Ω / 1000 ft for 30 AWG, and so on. [ 5 ] : 27 For an arbitrary gauge n , it's approximately 10 n /10 Ω per 10 000 ft .
The current British Standard for metallic materials including wire is BS 6722:1986, which is a solely metric standard, superseding 3737:1964, which used the SWG system. The IEC 60228 , used in most parts of the world, defines standard wire sizes based on their cross-sectional areas as expressed in mm 2 . [ 3 ]
As the definition of the unit contains π, it is easy to calculate area values in circular mils when the diameter in mils is known. The area in circular mils, A , of a circle with a diameter of d mils, is given by the formula: { A } c m i l = { d } m i l 2 . {\displaystyle \{A\}_{\mathrm {cmil} }=\{d\}_{\mathrm {mil} }^{2}.}
Also, the size of the aluminum wire needs to be larger compared to copper wire used for the same circuit due to the increased resistance of the aluminum alloys. For example, a 15 A branch circuit supplying standard lighting fixtures can be installed with either #14 AWG copper building wire or #12 AWG aluminum building wire according to the NEC ...
A standard wire gauge. The British Standard Wire Gauge, often referred to as the Standard Wire Gauge or simply SWG, is a unit used to denote wire gauge (size) as defined by BS 3737:1964, a standard that has since been withdrawn. It is also known as the Imperial Wire Gauge or British Standard Gauge. Although its use has significantly declined ...
Comparison of SWG (red), AWG (blue) and IEC 60228 (black) wire gauge sizes from 0.03 to 200 mm² to scale on a 1 mm grid – in the SVG file, hover over a size to highlight it. In engineering applications, it is often most convenient to describe a wire in terms of its cross-section area, rather than its diameter, because the cross section is directly proportional to its strength and weight ...
As quoted in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition.CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals
The phase angles of complex power, voltage, current, impedance, etc., are not affected by the conversion to per unit values. The purpose of using a per-unit system is to simplify conversion between different transformers. Hence, it is appropriate to illustrate the steps for finding per-unit values for voltage and impedance.