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In 1965, South Korea's rate of economic growth first exceeded North Korea's in most industrial areas, though South Korea's per capita GNP remained lower than North Korea's. [ 78 ] In 1979, North Korea renegotiated much of its international debt, but in 1980 it defaulted on its loans except those from Japan.
The North Korean government, therefore, does collect revenue, in a manner which has been compared to a taxation system by international observers. However, inside North Korea the word "tax" is not used, and the term for state revenue has been variously translated as "socialist income accounting", "socialist economic management income", and in ...
Despite these reforms, North Korea remained committed to its socialist principles, particularly the pursuit of self-sufficiency. [3] The collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s necessitated a loosening of central control, as resource shortages compelled the government to grant more autonomy to lower units and individuals.
From 1994 to 1998, North Korea suffered from a famine that resulted in the deaths of between 0.24 and 3.5 million people, and the country continues to struggle with food production. [5] North Korea follows Songun, or "military-first" policy. [6]
Roads in North Korea are classified into seven levels: motorways, and roads from level 1 to 6. Roads are the secondary means of transport in North Korea, after rail transport. The road network is underdeveloped. Roads are generally in poor condition, are little used and only a small part of the network is paved. Main roads in North Korea in 2009.
While North Korea is classified as a low-income country, the structure of North Korea's causes of death (2013) is unlike that of other low-income countries. [409] Instead, it is closer to worldwide averages, with non-communicable diseases—such as cardiovascular disease and cancers—accounting for 84 percent of the total deaths in 2016. [410]
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The park is located ten kilometres (six miles) north of the Korean Demilitarized Zone, an hour's drive from Seoul, with direct road and rail access to South Korea. The park allows South Korean companies to employ cheap labour that is educated, skilled, and fluent in Korean , whilst providing North Korea with an important source of foreign currency.