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A receptor is a protein molecule, embedded in either the plasma membrane or the cytoplasm of a cell, to which one or more specific kinds of signalling molecules may bind. A ligand may be a peptide or another small molecule, such as a neurotransmitter , a hormone , a pharmaceutical drug, or a toxin.
Since 2019, National Centralized Volume-Based Procurement uses "passes generic-consistency evalulation" as one of the bidding criteria. [7] The Chinese definition of "bioequivalence" entails having the test drug's geometric mean C max, AUC (0–t), and AUC (0–∞) fall into 80%–125% of the reference drug in both fasting and fed states. The ...
In contrast to this article's previous definition of the Hill equation, the IUPHAR defines the Hill equation in terms of the tissue response (), as [1] = [] + [] = + ([]) where [] is the drug concentration, is the Hill coefficient, and is the drug concentration that produces a 50% maximal response.
The dissociation rate in chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology is the rate or speed at which a ligand dissociates from a protein, for instance, a receptor. [1] It is an important factor in the binding affinity and intrinsic activity (efficacy) of a ligand at a receptor. [1]
To ensure that the drug taker who has poor absorption is dosed appropriately, the bottom value of the deviation range is employed to represent real bioavailability and to calculate the drug dose needed for the drug taker to achieve systemic concentrations similar to the intravenous formulation. [4]
In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.
If the drug distributes into all body water the volume of distribution would increase to approximately = 0.57 L/kg [8] If the drug readily diffuses into the body fat the volume of distribution may increase dramatically, an example is chloroquine which has a V D = {\displaystyle V_{D}=} 250-302 L/kg [ 9 ]
Lipinski's rule states that, in general, an orally active drug has no more than one violation of the following criteria: [9] No more than 5 hydrogen bond donors (the total number of nitrogen–hydrogen and oxygen–hydrogen bonds) No more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors (all nitrogen or oxygen atoms) A molecular mass less than 500 daltons