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The word diffusion derives from the Latin word, diffundere, which means "to spread out". A distinguishing feature of diffusion is that it depends on particle random walk, and results in mixing or mass transport without requiring directed bulk motion. Bulk motion, or bulk flow, is the characteristic of advection. [1]
A mean-preserving spread (MPS) is a change from one probability distribution A to another probability distribution B, where B is formed by spreading out one or more portions of A's probability density function while leaving the mean (the expected value) unchanged. [5]
A typical suburban development in the United States, located in Chandler, Arizona An urban development in Palma, Mallorca. Urban sprawl (also known as suburban sprawl or urban encroachment [1]) is defined as "the spreading of urban developments (such as houses, dense multi–family apartments, office buildings and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a more or less densely populated city".
In cultural anthropology and cultural geography, cultural diffusion, as conceptualized by Leo Frobenius in his 1897/98 publication Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis, is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages—between individuals, whether within a single culture or from one culture to another.
A Christian proselytizer trying to spread his faith in London, England, 1970. Proselytism (/ ˈ p r ɒ s əl ɪ t ɪ z əm /) is the policy of attempting to convert people's religious or political beliefs. [1] [2] [3] Carrying out attempts to instill beliefs can be called proselytization. [4]
An infodemic is a rapid and far-reaching spread of both accurate and inaccurate information about certain issues. [1] [2] [3] The word is a portmanteau of information and epidemic and is used as a metaphor to describe how misinformation and disinformation can spread like a virus from person to person and affect people like a disease. [4]
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact" [23] According to a 2023 ...
Spreading false information can also seriously impede the effective and efficient use of the information available on social media. [124] An emerging trend in the online information environment is "a shift away from public discourse to private, more ephemeral, messaging ", which is a challenge to counter misinformation.