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The surface ectoderm, AKA external ectoderm, is one of the two early embryonic divisions of the ectoderm. The other early division of the ectoderm is the neuroectoderm. The surface ectoderm develops into the following structures: Skin (only the epidermis; the dermis is derived from the mesoderm) (along with glands, hair, and nails)
In vertebrate embryos, the ectoderm can be divided into two parts: the dorsal surface ectoderm also known as the external ectoderm, and the neural plate, which invaginates to form the neural tube and neural crest. [4] The surface ectoderm gives rise to most epithelial tissues, and the neural plate gives rise to most neural tissues.
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The ectoderm generates the outer layer of the embryo, and it forms from the embryo's epiblast. [13] The ectoderm develops into the surface ectoderm, neural crest, and the neural tube. [14] The surface ectoderm develops into: epidermis, hair, nails, lens of the eye, sebaceous glands, cornea, tooth enamel, the epithelium of the mouth and nose.
Surface ectoderm forms the lens, corneal epithelium and eyelid. The extracellular mesenchyme forms the sclera , the corneal endothelium and stroma , blood vessels , muscles , and vitreous . The eye begins to develop as a pair of optic vesicles on each side of the forebrain at the end of the fourth week of pregnancy.
Mesoderm cells condense to form a rod which will send out signals to redirect the ectoderm cells above. This fold along the neural tube sets up the vertebrate central nervous system. The endoderm is the inner most germ layer of the embryo which gives rise to gastrointestinal and respiratory organs by forming epithelial linings and organs such ...
Bone morphogenic proteins are known to stimulate eye lens formation. During early development of eyes, the formation of the optic vesicle is essential in Mice and BMP4 expressed strongly in the optic vesicle and weakly in the surrounding mesenchyme and surface ectoderm. This concentration gradient of BMP4 in optic vesicle is critical for lens ...
A germ layer is a collection of cells, formed during animal and mammalian embryogenesis.Germ layers are typically pronounced within vertebrate organisms; however, animals or mammals more complex than sponges (eumetazoans and agnotozoans) produce two or three primary tissue layers.