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An 8b/10b code can be implemented in various ways with focus on different performance parameters. One implementation was designed by K. Odaka for the DAT digital audio recorder. [2] Kees Schouhamer Immink designed an 8b/10b code for the DCC audio recorder. [3] The IBM implementation was described in 1983 by Al Widmer and Peter Franaszek. [4] [5]
The written USB 3.0 specification was released by Intel and its partners in August 2008. The first USB 3.0 controller chips were sampled by NEC in May 2009, [4] and the first products using the USB 3.0 specification arrived in January 2010. [5] USB 3.0 connectors are generally backward compatible, but include new wiring and full-duplex operation.
The USB port is fully compatible with USB 5 Gbit/s (USB 3.0), USB 480 Mbit/s (USB 2.0) and USB 12 Mbit/s (1.1); USB 3.0 devices are compatible, but will operate at USB 2.0 speed if internal USB 3.0 connector is not connected.
Standard USB hub ports can provide from the typical 500 mA/2.5 W of current, only 100 mA from non-hub ports. USB 3.0 and USB On-The-Go supply 1.8 A/9.0 W (for dedicated battery charging, 1.5 A/7.5 W full bandwidth or 900 mA/4.5 W high bandwidth), while FireWire can in theory supply up to 60 watts of power, although 10 to 20 watts is more typical.
Additionally, USB ports are color-coded according to the specification and data transfer speed, e.g. USB 1.x and 2.x ports are usually white or black, and USB 3.0 ones are blue. SuperSpeed+ connectors are teal in color. [2] FireWire ports used with video equipment (among other devices) can be either 4-pin or 6-pin. The two extra conductors in ...
IEEE 1394 is an interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. It was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Apple in cooperation with a number of companies, primarily Sony and Panasonic.
USB-IF HID Tools: the USB-IF's page devoted to human interface devices, includes all approved documentation; Lakeview Research HID Page: a collection of articles about, and example code for USB HID devices. PC System Guides: Microsoft's PC System specifications (e.g. PC '97, PC '98)
A USB-to-serial adapter or simply USB adapter is a type of protocol converter that is used for converting USB data signals to and from serial communications standards (serial ports). Most commonly the USB data signals are converted to either RS-232 , RS-485 , RS-422 , or TTL-level UART serial data.