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In a positional numeral system, the radix (pl.: radices) or base is the number of unique digits, including the digit zero, used to represent numbers.For example, for the decimal system (the most common system in use today) the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9.
Sexagesimal, also known as base 60, [1] is a numeral system with sixty as its base. It originated with the ancient Sumerians in the 3rd millennium BC, was passed down to the ancient Babylonians , and is still used—in a modified form—for measuring time , angles , and geographic coordinates .
Base √ 2 behaves in a very similar way to base 2 as all one has to do to convert a number from binary into base √ 2 is put a zero digit in between every binary digit; for example, 1911 10 = 11101110111 2 becomes 101010001010100010101 √ 2 and 5118 10 = 1001111111110 2 becomes 1000001010101010101010100 √ 2.
A ternary / ˈ t ɜːr n ər i / numeral system (also called base 3 or trinary [1]) has three as its base. Analogous to a bit , a ternary digit is a trit ( tri nary dig it ). One trit is equivalent to log 2 3 (about 1.58496) bits of information .
A negative base (or negative radix) may be used to construct a non-standard positional numeral system.Like other place-value systems, each position holds multiples of the appropriate power of the system's base; but that base is negative—that is to say, the base b is equal to −r for some natural number r (r ≥ 2).
Unlike a linear scale where each unit of distance corresponds to the same increment, on a logarithmic scale each unit of length is a multiple of some base value raised to a power, and corresponds to the multiplication of the previous value in the scale by the base value. In common use, logarithmic scales are in base 10 (unless otherwise specified).
In the base ten number system, integer powers of 10 are written as the digit 1 followed or preceded by a number of zeroes determined by the sign and magnitude of the exponent. For example, 10 3 = 1000 and 10 −4 = 0.0001. Exponentiation with base 10 is used in scientific notation to denote large or small numbers.
The logarithm keys (log for base-10 and ln for base-e) on a typical scientific calculator. The advent of hand-held calculators largely eliminated the use of common logarithms as an aid to computation. The numerical value for logarithm to the base 10 can be calculated with the following identities: [5]