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Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are clean alternatives for traditional organic-water solvent extraction systems.. ABS are formed when either two polymers, one polymer and one kosmotropic salt, or two salts (one chaotropic salt and the other a kosmotropic salt) are mixed at appropriate concentrations or at a particular temperature.
Amine gas plant at a natural gas field. Amine gas treating, also known as amine scrubbing, gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to a group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various alkylamines (commonly referred to simply as amines) to remove hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) from gases.
The concentration of solvent in water ranges from 40 to 80%. Higher boiling solvents have the advantage of a lower process pressure. This is weighed against the more difficult solvent recovery by distillation. [2] Ethanol has been suggested as the preferred solvent due to cost and easy recovery.
Mixer-settlers are used when a process requires longer residence times and when the solutions are easily separated by gravity. They require a large facility footprint, but do not require much headspace, and need limited remote maintenance capability for occasional replacement of mixing motors. (Colven, 1956; Davidson, 1957) [2]
Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrometallurgy , vapour metallurgy, and molten salt electrometallurgy.
The second most common sealant liquid is oil. Since oil has a very low vapor pressure, oil-sealed liquid-ring vacuum pumps are typically air-cooled. For dry chlorine gas applications, concentrated sulfuric acid is used as the sealant. The ability to use any liquid allows the liquid-ring vacuum pump to be ideally suited for solvent (vapor) recovery.
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