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2. Liquid-ring pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-ring_pump

   The ability to use any liquid allows the liquid-ring vacuum pump to be ideally suited for solvent (vapor) recovery. For example, if a process such as distillation or a vacuum dryer is generating toluene vapors, then it is possible to use liquid toluene as the sealant, provided the cooling water is cold enough to keep the vapor pressure of the ...

3. Organosolv - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosolv

   The concentration of solvent in water ranges from 40 to 80%. Higher boiling solvents have the advantage of a lower process pressure. This is weighed against the more difficult solvent recovery by distillation. [2] Ethanol has been suggested as the preferred solvent due to cost and easy recovery.

4. Aqueous two-phase system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_two-phase_system

   Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are clean alternatives for traditional organic-water solvent extraction systems.. ABS are formed when either two polymers, one polymer and one kosmotropic salt, or two salts (one chaotropic salt and the other a kosmotropic salt) are mixed at appropriate concentrations or at a particular temperature.

5. Supercritical fluid extraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercritical_fluid_extraction

   In this case, the extraction rate can be increased by increasing the rate of dissolution, for example by increasing flow rate of the solvent. Figure 4. Extraction Profile for Different Types of Extraction. The extraction curve of % recovery against time can be used to elucidate the type of extraction occurring.

6. Mixer-settler - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixer-settler

   Industrial mixer settlers are commonly used in the copper, nickel, uranium, lanthanide, and cobalt hydrometallurgy industries, when solvent extraction processes are applied. They are also used in the Nuclear reprocessing field to separate and purify primarily Uranium and Plutonium, removing the fission product impurities.

7. High-performance liquid chromatography - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_liquid...

   In reversed-phase chromatography, solvent A is often water or an aqueous buffer, while B is an organic solvent miscible with water, such as acetonitrile, methanol, THF, or isopropanol. In isocratic elution, peak width increases with retention time linearly according to the equation for N, the number of theoretical plates.