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T.H. Marshall published his essay in 1949 and it has had a huge impact on many of the citizenship debates which have followed it. [4] Though the original essay fails to view perspectives other than that of a working class white male, social citizenship not only can be but has been applied to myriad peoples.
This capitalist model, advocates claim, allows citizens to obtain full social citizenship by becoming “competent members of society,” which according to citizenship theorists Turner and Marshall is a key aspect of being a member of the state. [1]
T. H. Marshall was born in London on 19 December 1893 to a wealthy, artistically cultured family (a Bloomsbury family). [8] He was the fourth of six children. [8] His great-grandfather acquired an industrial fortune and his father, William Cecil Marshall, was a successful architect, giving Marshall a privileged upbringing and inheritance. [9]
For example, sociologist T. H. Marshall suggested that citizenship was a contradiction between the "formal political equality of the franchise" and the "persistence of extensive social and economic inequality." [50] In Marshall's sense, citizenship was a way to straddle both issues. [50]
In the 20th century, T. H. Marshall proposed what he believed to be central democratic ideals in his seminal essay on citizenship, citing three different kinds of rights: civil rights that are the basic building blocks of individual freedom; political rights, which include the rights of citizens to participate in order to exercise political ...
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Marshall concludes his essay with three major factors for the evolution of social rights and for their further evolution, listed below: The lessening of the income gap "The great extension of the area of common culture and common experience" [43] An enlargement of citizenship and more rights granted to these citizens.
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