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Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a halocarbon with the formula C 2 HCl 3, commonly used as an industrial metal degreasing solvent. It is a clear, colourless, non-flammable, volatile liquid with a chloroform -like pleasant mild smell [ 3 ] and sweet taste. [ 9 ]
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is an excellent solvent for many organic compounds and also one of the least toxic of the chlorinated hydrocarbons.It is generally considered non-polar, but owing to the good polarizability of the chlorine atoms, it is a superior solvent for organic compounds that do not dissolve well in hydrocarbons such as hexane.
Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. They have higher boiling and melting points compared to related hydrocarbons. Flammability reduces with increased chlorine substitution in hydrocarbons.
Between 1975 and 1985, the water supply of Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune was contaminated with trichloroethylene and other volatile organic compounds. [10]In 1986, and later again in 2009, 2 plumes containing trichloroethylene was found on Long Island, New York due to Northrop Grumman's Bethpage factories that worked in conjunction with the United States Navy during the 1930s and 1940s.
When 1,2-dichloroethane is heated to 400 °C with chlorine, tetrachloroethylene is produced: ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + 3 Cl 2 → Cl 2 C=CCl 2 + 4 HCl. This reaction can be catalyzed by a mixture of potassium chloride and aluminium chloride or by activated carbon. Trichloroethylene is a major byproduct, which is separated by distillation.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane, vinyl trichloride or 1,1,2-TCA, is an organochloride solvent with the molecular formula C 2 H 3 Cl 3 and the structural formula CH 2 Cl—CHCl 2.It is a colourless, sweet-smelling liquid that does not dissolve in water, but is soluble in most organic solvents.
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Pentachloroethane can be obtained by chlorination of trichloroethylene and ethylene-catalysed chlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane. [3] Pentachloroethane can also be obtained by the reaction of acetylene and chlorine, catalysed by aluminium chloride and antimony trichloride. [4] It can be made as a byproduct of tetrachloroethylene production.