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Viking 1 was the first of two spacecraft, along with Viking 2, each consisting of an orbiter and a lander, sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. [2] The lander touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, the first successful Mars lander in history.
The following table is a list of successful and unsuccessful Mars landers. As of 2022, 21 lander missions and 8 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars. As of 2022, 21 lander missions and 8 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars.
Mars 7 lander Lander Spacecraft failure Separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere. 22 Viking 1: Viking 1 orbiter 20 August 1975: NASA United States: Orbiter Successful Operated for 1385 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 19 June 1976. Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T: Viking 1 lander Lander Successful First successful Mars lander.
By Eric Sandler On August 20, 1975 -- 39 years ago today -- NASA launched the first of two spacecraft as a part of their new Viking program and the images they captured back in the '70s and '80s ...
In 1971 the Soviet Union sent probes Mars 2 and Mars 3, each carrying a lander, as part of the Mars probe program M-71. The Mars 2 lander failed to land and impacted Mars. The Mars 3 lander became the first probe to successfully soft-land on Mars, but its data-gathering had less success. The lander began transmitting to the Mars 3 orbiter 90 ...
Mars 3 was a robotic space probe of the Soviet Mars program, launched May 28, 1971, nine days after its twin spacecraft Mars 2. The probes were identical robotic spacecraft launched by Proton-K rockets with a Blok D upper stage, each consisting of an orbiter and an attached lander .
The first to contact the surface were two Soviet probes: Mars 2 lander on November 27 and Mars 3 lander on December 2, 1971—Mars 2 failed during descent and Mars 3 failed about twenty seconds after the first Martian soft landing. [24] Mars 6 failed during descent but did return some corrupted atmospheric data in 1974. [25]
Mars 2 Orbiter and Lander: Mars 19 May 1971 27 November 1971 impact: 193 days (6 mo, 9 d) The Mars 2 lander crashed into Mars on 27 November 1971, in a failed soft landing attempt. It was the first manmade object to reach the surface of Mars. The orbiter continued operating until 22 August 1972. [6] [7] Mars 3 Orbiter and Lander: Mars 28 May 1971