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DNA polymerase I (or Pol I) is an enzyme that participates in the process of prokaryotic DNA replication. Discovered by Arthur Kornberg in 1956, [1] it was the first known DNA polymerase (and the first known of any kind of polymerase). It was initially characterized in E. coli and is ubiquitous in prokaryotes.
A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication and usually work in groups to create two identical DNA duplexes from a single original DNA duplex.
The Klenow fragment is a large protein fragment produced when DNA polymerase I from E. coli is enzymatically cleaved by the protease subtilisin.First reported in 1970, [1] it retains the 5' → 3' polymerase activity and the 3’ → 5’ exonuclease activity for removal of precoding nucleotides and proofreading, but loses its 5' → 3' exonuclease activity.
Structure of Taq DNA polymerase. In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or RNA by half ladder replication.
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) also known as NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 or poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARP1 gene. [5] It is the most abundant of the PARP family of enzymes, accounting for 90% of the NAD+ used by the family. [ 6 ]
Also early in 1985, the group began using a thermostable DNA polymerase (the enzyme used in the original reaction is destroyed at each heating step). At the time [1] only two had been described, from Taq and Bst. The report on Taq polymerase [12] was more detailed, so it was chosen for testing.
POLG is located on the q arm of chromosome 15 in position 26.1 and has 23 exons.The POLG gene produces a 140 kDa protein composed of 1239 amino acids. [7] [8] POLG, the protein encoded by this gene, is a member of the DNA polymerase type-A family.
Kary Banks Mullis (December 28, 1944 – August 7, 2019) was an American biochemist.In recognition of his role in the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, he shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Michael Smith [2] and was awarded the Japan Prize in the same year.