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  2. Chimney sweep - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney_sweep

    A chimney sweep in Wexford, Ireland in 1850. A chimney sweep is a person who inspects then clears soot and creosote from chimneys. The chimney uses the pressure difference caused by a hot column of gas to create a draught and draw air over the hot coals or wood enabling continued combustion. Chimneys may be straight or contain many changes of ...

  3. Chimney Sweepers and Chimneys Regulation Act 1840 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney_Sweepers_and...

    The Chimney Sweepers and Chimneys Regulation Act 1840 [1] was a British Act of Parliament passed to try to stop child labour. Many boys as young as six were being used as chimney sweeps . One of many chimney sweeps such as Newport, Isle of Wight's Valentine Grey, a 10-year-old, who was murdered by his Master Benjamin Davis, because he hadn't ...

  4. Chimney Sweepers Act 1834 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney_Sweepers_Act_1834

    The Chimney Sweepers Act 1834 (4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 35) was a British act of Parliament passed to try to stop child labour. Many boys as young as six were being used as chimney sweeps. This act stated that an apprentice must express himself in front of a magistrate that he was willing and desirous. Masters must not take on boys under the age of ...

  5. Chimney Sweepers Act 1788 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney_Sweepers_Act_1788

    The Chimney Sweepers Act 1788 (28 Geo. 3. c. 48) was a British Act of Parliament passed to try to stop child labour. Many boys as young as four were being used as chimney sweeps. This act stated that no boy should be bound apprentice before he was eight years old.

  6. How Nutcrackers Became a Classic Symbol of Christmas

    www.aol.com/nutcrackers-became-classic-symbol...

    Their popularity grew in the 19th century and spread throughout Europe, prompting Prussian author E. T. A. Hoffmann to pen a children's short story in 1816 called The Nutcracker and the Mouse King.

  7. Pflaumentoffel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pflaumentoffel

    [4] [5] The children's task was to crawl through and clean the high and narrow chimney flues and stacks of municipal civic buildings, and is an early example of state-tolerated child labor. [4] The chimney sweep assistants were sometimes called "fire ruffians", and one suggestion is that the word Pflaumentoffel derived from the words plum and ...

  8. Chimney Sweepers Regulation Act 1864 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney_Sweepers...

    The Chimney Sweepers Regulation Act 1864 [1] (27 & 28 Vict. c. 37) was a British Act of Parliament that amended the Chimney Sweepers and Chimneys Regulation Act 1840 passed to try to stop child labour.

  9. List of obsolete occupations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_obsolete_occupations

    Crossing sweeper: A crossing sweeper was a street sweeper who swept a path ahead of people crossing dirty urban streets in exchange for a gratuity. [60]: 257–291 Attitudes to crossing sweepers were mixed. [75] A combination of street sweeping, buses and the replacement of horses by motor vehicles made the occupation uneconomic. Social: 19: 20 ...