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Sport is defined as any physical activity where the individuals engage for competition and health. [2] Sport psychology is recognized as an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from many related fields including biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology and psychology. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect ...
It is commonly contrasted with cognitive anxiety, which is the mental manifestation of anxiety, or the specific thought processes that occur during anxiety, such as concern or worry. These components of anxiety are especially studied in sports psychology, [2] specifically relating to how the anxiety symptoms affect athletic performance.
Sports that have a higher incidence of contact and collision have the highest rates of injury. [41] Collisions with the ground, objects, and other players are common, and unexpected dynamic forces on limbs and joints can cause sports injuries. Soccer is the sport leading to the most competitive injuries in NCAA female college athletes.
In the United States each year, 3.5 million sports participants are injured, causing a short or long term disruption from sport. Injured athletes may exhibit high rates of depression and anxiety, followed by low rates of self-esteem directly following an injury and throughout the duration of recovery and return to play. [17]
The subject of mental health in association football has been described as a "stigma" in the sport, [1] although other professional sports are also affected. [2] Studies suggest that professional footballers may experience higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to the general population. [3]
The first publication on sports psychiatry was written in 1967 by Arnold R Beisser, a doctor and tennis player. [4] It was brought up in literature again twenty years later by JH Rick Massimino, MD, and mentioned again in 1992 by California-based psychiatrist Daniel Begel, who is known for officially launching the specialty.
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The athletes competed the Portuguese version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-SAS-2, which had questions that were designed to reflect what young athletes might have felt before or during sports competition. The scale is a measure of sports related anxiety that considers both cognitive and somatic trait anxiety.