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Phenibut is used in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia as a pharmaceutical drug to treat anxiety and to improve sleep (e.g., in the treatment of insomnia). [5] [6] It is also used for various other indications, including the treatment of asthenia, depression, alcoholism, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, stuttering, tics, vestibular disorders, Ménière's disease ...
The law defines as a "psychoactive substance" anything which "by stimulating or depressing the person’s central nervous system ... affects the person’s mental functioning or emotional state". The law bans all such substances but exempts alcohol , tobacco or nicotine -based products, caffeine , food and drink, medicinal products and any drug ...
An assortment of several designer drugs. Designer drugs are structural or functional analogues of controlled substances that are designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the parent drug while avoiding detection or classification as illegal.
Phenibut (Anvifen, Fenibut, Noofen) is an anxiolytic [42] used in Russia. [43] Phenibut is a GABA B receptor agonist , [ 42 ] as well as an antagonist at α 2 δ subunit -containing voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), similarly to gabapentinoids like gabapentin and pregabalin . [ 44 ]
4-Fluoromethylphenidate (also known as 4-FMPH and 4F-MPH) is a stimulant drug that acts as a higher potency dopamine reuptake inhibitor than the closely related methylphenidate.
In the 1960s a few doctors prescribed large amounts of heroin, some of which was diverted into the illegal market. Also substances such as cannabis, amphetamines and LSD started to become significant in the UK. [1] In 1961 the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs was introduced. To control global drug trading and use, it banned ...
A decades-old cosmetic procedure called mesotherapy, which involves injecting unregulated mixtures of vitamins and drugs under the skin to reduce under-eye bags, is regaining popularity in the US.
4-Fluoroamphetamine is a releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. [9] The respective EC 50 values are 2.0 x 10 −7 M, 7.3 x 10 −7 M, and 0.37 x 10 −7 M, while the IC 50 values are 7.7 x 10 −7 M, 68 x 10 −7 M, and 4.2 x 10 −7 M. [3]