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Gram Panchayat (transl. 'village council') is a basic governing institution in Indian villages. It is a political institution, acting as the cabinet of a village or group of villages. The Gram Sabha works as the general body of the Gram Panchayat.
In the meeting of the villagers, which is convened four times a year in every panchayat councils, the report on the completed project works should be submitted to the public in the presence of the panchayat council chairperson and the government officers about the projects such as education, social development, transportation, public health, employment of the village.
Developmental administration of Tamil Nadu is carried out by Panchayat Unions or blocks in rural areas of Tamil Nadu, a southern state of India. These panchayat unions have a set of panchayat villages under them. In urban areas, the governance is done by municipal corporations, municipalities or town panchayats based on the size of the town. [1]
District panchayats in this state; Village panchayats (Tamil: ஊராட்சிகள்) form the grass-root level of democracy as they form the local government for the basic building blocks of India - villages. It is set up in villages where the population is more than 300. There are about 12,620 Village panchayats in this state. [16]
Municipal corporations cater to larger urban areas, municipalities serve smaller urban areas, and town panchayats cater to areas that are under transition from rural to urban. [2] As of 2024, there are 25 municipal corporations, 138 municipalities and 490 town panchayats in Tamil Nadu.
The committee recommended the establishment of the scheme of ‘democratic decentralization’, which finally came to be known as Panchayati Raj. This led to the establishment of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system: Gram Panchayat at the village level, Panchayat Samiti at the block level, and Zila Parishad at the district level.
PRIs in rural areas have 3 hierarchies of panchayats, Gram panchayats at village level, Panchayat Samiti at block level, and Zilla panchayats at district level. [4] Panchayats cover about 96% of India's more than 5.8 lakh (580,000) villages and nearly 99.6% of the rural population.
Town panchayats are upgraded to Grade III municipalities if they are found to be eligible. They are categorised in a similar way to that of Municipalities depending on the income criteria and population. Town panchayat councils include elected ward councillors and their presiding officer, Town panchayat chairperson.