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The muscles of the hand are innervated by the radial, median, and ulnar nerves. The radial nerve innervates the finger extensors and the thumb abductor; that is, the muscles that extend at the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles) and abduct and extend the thumb.
This is often remembered by the mnemonic PAD-DAB, as the Palmar interosseous muscles ADduct, and the Dorsal interosseous muscles ABduct. The axial line goes down the middle of the 3rd digit, towards the palm of the hand (it's an imaginary line). Both sets of muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. [1]
The superficial head is usually innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve. [5] The deep part is often innervated by the deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1 roots). [6] [7] There are normal variations. In a Cannieu-Riche anastomosis, fibers from the deep branch of ulnar nerve innervate the opponens pollicis and/or abductor ...
The lumbrical innervation always follows the innervation pattern of the associated muscle unit of flexor digitorum profundus (i.e. if the muscle units supplying the tendon to the middle finger are innervated by the median nerve, the second lumbrical will also be innervated by the median nerve).
opponens pollicis muscle; abductor pollicis brevis muscle; superficial part of flexor pollicis brevis muscle; A separate, more proximal branch of the median nerve additionally provides motor innervation to the 1st and 2nd lumbricals of the hand. All other intrinsic muscles of the hand receive motor innervation via the ulnar nerve. [2]
In human anatomy, the dorsal interossei (DI) are four muscles in the back of the hand that act to abduct (spread) the index, middle, and ring fingers away from the hand's midline (ray of middle finger) and assist in flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints of the index, middle and ring fingers.
The abductor digiti minimi is the most variable hypothenar muscle, [4] and might be joined by accessory slips from the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris, the flexor retinaculum, the fascia of the distal forearm, or the tendon of the palmaris longus. Occasionally, the muscle is partially inserted onto the fifth metacarpal bone. [5]
The ulnar nerve and its branches innervate the following muscles in the forearm and hand: An articular branch that passes to the elbow joint while the ulnar nerve is passing between the olecranon and medial epicondyle of the humerus; In the forearm, via the muscular branches of ulnar nerve: Flexor carpi ulnaris [5]