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The rest are named with a Greek numeric prefix, with the exceptions of nonane which has a Latin prefix, and undecane which has mixed-language prefixes. Cyclic alkanes are simply prefixed with "cyclo-": for example, C 4 H 8 is cyclobutane (not to be confused with butene ) and C 6 H 12 is cyclohexane (not to be confused with hexene ).
In organic chemistry, the suffix-ane forms the names of organic compounds where the −C−C− group (a carbon-carbon single bond) has been attributed the highest priority according to the rules of organic nomenclature. Such organic compounds are called alkanes. They are saturated hydrocarbons.
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. [1] Alkanes have the general chemical formula C n H 2n+2.
Name of straight chain Synonyms 1 1 1 CH 4: methane: methyl hydride; natural gas 2 1 1 C 2 H 6: ethane: dimethyl; ethyl hydride; methyl methane 3 1 1 C 3 H 8: propane: dimethyl methane; propyl hydride 4 2 2 C 4 H 10: n-butane: butyl hydride; methylethyl methane 5 3 3 C 5 H 12: n-pentane: amyl hydride; Skellysolve A 6 5 5 C 6 H 14: n-hexane
The IUPAC name of alcohols can derive from the following rules: Identify the longest carbon chain, and number each carbon. Name the base alkane according to the organic nomenclature rules. Identify the hydroxyl group and which carbon it is on. To be alcohol, the -OH must be bonded to a carbon.
Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, commonly referred to by chemists as the Blue Book, is a collection of recommendations on organic chemical nomenclature published at irregular intervals by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
Note that "group" has a chemical meaning and "column" has the tabular meaning. Alternatively, they may be named by their first element, e.g. "boron group" for group 13. [2] (But per below, avoid iron group for group 8 as ambiguous.) In the 1–18 scheme, f-block groups are unnumbered.
Prefixes, suffixes, and infixes are known as organic chemistry affixes. These affixes provide details about the molecule's structure, such as the quantity of carbon atoms, the kind of carbon-to-carbon bonds, and the existence of functional groups. [2] The following are a few typical additions in organic chemistry: Prefixes