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  2. Square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root

    The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.

  3. Functional square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_square_root

    Notations expressing that f is a functional square root of g are f = g [1/2] and f = g 1/2 [citation needed] [dubious – discuss], or rather f = g 1/2 (see Iterated function#Fractional_iterates_and_flows,_and_negative_iterates), although this leaves the usual ambiguity with taking the function to that power in the multiplicative sense, just as f ² = f ∘ f can be misinterpreted as x ↦ f(x)².

  4. List of mathematical functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_functions

    Quadratic function: Second degree polynomial, graph is a parabola. Cubic function: Third degree polynomial. Quartic function: Fourth degree polynomial. Quintic function: Fifth degree polynomial. Rational functions: A ratio of two polynomials. nth root. Square root: Yields a number whose square is the given one. Cube root: Yields a number whose ...

  5. Imaginary unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_unit

    Square roots of negative numbers are called imaginary because in early-modern mathematics, only what are now called real numbers, obtainable by physical measurements or basic arithmetic, were considered to be numbers at all – even negative numbers were treated with skepticism – so the square root of a negative number was previously considered undefined or nonsensical.

  6. Quadratic equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_equation

    Figure 1. Plots of quadratic function y = ax 2 + bx + c, varying each coefficient separately while the other coefficients are fixed (at values a = 1, b = 0, c = 0). A quadratic equation whose coefficients are real numbers can have either zero, one, or two distinct real-valued solutions, also called roots.

  7. Complex plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_plane

    So one continuous motion in the complex plane has transformed the positive square root e 0 = 1 into the negative square root e iπ = −1. This problem arises because the point z = 0 has just one square root, while every other complex number z ≠ 0 has exactly two square roots.

  8. Quartic function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartic_function

    It is a consequence of the first two equations that r 1 + r 2 is a square root of α and that r 3 + r 4 is the other square root of α. For the same reason, r 1 + r 3 is a square root of β, r 2 + r 4 is the other square root of β, r 1 + r 4 is a square root of γ, r 2 + r 3 is the other square root of γ. Therefore, the numbers r 1, r 2, r 3 ...

  9. Quadratic function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_function

    The square root of a univariate quadratic function gives rise to one of the four conic sections, almost always either to an ellipse or to a hyperbola. If a > 0 , {\displaystyle a>0,} then the equation y = ± a x 2 + b x + c {\displaystyle y=\pm {\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}} describes a hyperbola, as can be seen by squaring both sides.