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The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England [b] from 1642 to 1651. Part of the wider 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the struggle consisted of the First English Civil War and the Second English Civil War.
The First English Civil War took place in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646, and forms part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. [a] An estimated 15% to 20% of adult males in England and Wales served in the military at some point between 1639 and 1653, while around 4% of the total population died from war-related causes.
A Roundhead as depicted by John Pettie (1870). Roundheads were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1642–1651). Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters, known as the Cavaliers or Royalists, who claimed rule by absolute monarchy and the principle of the divine right of kings. [1]
18 January–March – the Protestation of 1641, an oath of allegiance to the King and Church of England, is circulated around the country for signature by all adult males, the Protestation Returns of 1641–1642. 13 February – Charles assents to the Bishops Exclusion Act thereby removing all bishops from the House of Lords. [1]
Edwin Sandys (1612 – December 1642) was an English Colonel [1] [user-generated source] in the Parlmentarian Army under Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex at the start of the First English Civil War. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford [2] and lived at the family seat in Northbourne, Kent.
The Adventurers in England, many of whom were Parliamentarians, exerted their authority to strangle Bermuda's emerging maritime industry, and the Bermudians' animosity towards the Adventurers in England consequently further acted to place them on the side of the Crown (the Somers Isles Company had tended towards the Royalist side in 1647, but ...
Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip were the longest-married couple in the history of the British royal family before his April 2021 death, with many children, grandchildren and great ...
Hampden's advice was undoubtedly premature. A Sedan or Worcester was not within the power of the Parliamentarians of 1642. In Napoleon's words: "one only manoeuvres around a fixed point", and the city levies at that time were certainly not, vis-à-vis Rupert's cavalry, a fixed point. [3]