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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
It was the first and most severe manifestation of the second pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term Black Death was not used until the late 17th century. Originating in Asia, it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony. The plague was spread by flea ...
Yersinia pestis seen at 2000× magnification. This bacterium, carried and spread by the flea, is generally thought to have been the cause of millions of deaths. [2]Several possible causes have been advanced for the Black Death; the most prevalent is the bubonic plague theory. [3]
The most infamous flea-to-human transmitted disease is the bubonic plague, which was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It was called the Black Death in the mid-1300s when it caused an ...
A 2024 study of Neolithic graves in Denmark and western Sweden concluded that plague was sufficiently widespread to be the cause of the decline, and that there were three outbreaks in Northern Europe between 5,200 years ago and 4,900 years ago, with the final outbreak caused by a strain of Yersinia pestis with reshuffled genes.
The Black Death, one of history’s deadliest pandemics, ravaged Europe from 1347 to 1351. Caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and primarily spread by fleas on rats, the plague also swept ...
The strain of Yersinia pestis responsible for the Black Death, the devastating pandemic of bubonic plague, does not appear to be a direct descendant of the Justinian plague strain. However, the spread of Justinian plague may have caused the evolutionary radiation that gave rise to the currently extant 0ANT.1 clade of strains. [44] [45]
[2] [3] The plague was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, [4] which is usually transmitted to a human by the bite of a flea or louse. [5] The 1665–66 epidemic was on a much smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic. It became known afterwards as the "great" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic ...