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The mean height of land above sea level is about 797 m (2,615 ft). ... the main apparent motion of celestial bodies in Earth's sky is to the west at a rate of 15°/h ...
These lists contain the Sun, the planets, dwarf planets, many of the larger small Solar System bodies (which includes the asteroids), all named natural satellites, and a number of smaller objects of historical or scientific interest, such as comets and near-Earth objects.
For non-Earth bodies the terms planetographic latitude and planetocentric latitude are used instead. Ellipsoidal height (or ellipsoidal altitude ), also known as geodetic height (or geodetic altitude), is the distance between the point of interest and the ellipsoid surface, evaluated along the ellipsoidal normal vector ; it is defined as a ...
For Earth orbiting satellites below the height of about 800 km, the atmospheric drag is the major orbit perturbing force out of all non-gravitational forces. [11] Above 800 km, solar radiation pressure causes the largest orbital perturbations. [ 12 ]
R E is central body's equatorial radius (6 378 137 m for Earth), ω E is the central body's rotation rate ( 7.292 115 × 10 −5 rad/s for Earth), GM E is the product of the universal constant of gravitation and the central body's mass ( 3.986 004 418 × 10 14 m 3 /s 2 for Earth).
g h is the gravitational acceleration at height h above sea level. R e is the Earth's mean radius. g 0 is the standard gravitational acceleration. The formula treats the Earth as a perfect sphere with a radially symmetric distribution of mass; a more accurate mathematical treatment is discussed below.
According to the IAU's explicit count, there are eight planets in the Solar System; four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) and four giant planets, which can be divided further into two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). When excluding the Sun, the four giant planets account for more than ...
In geodesy, a reference ellipsoid is a mathematically defined surface that approximates the geoid, which is the truer, imperfect figure of the Earth, or other planetary body, as opposed to a perfect, smooth, and unaltered sphere, which factors in the undulations of the bodies' gravity due to variations in the composition and density of the ...