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John Locke in English and Jean Jacques Rousseau in French authored influential works on education. Both emphasized the importance of shaping young minds early. By the late Enlightenment, there was a rising demand for a more universal approach to education, particularly after the American and French Revolutions.
Leading educational theorists like England's John Locke and Switzerland's Jean Jacques Rousseau both emphasized the importance of shaping young minds early. By the late Enlightenment, there was a rising demand for a more universal approach to education, particularly after the American Revolution and the French Revolution.
John Locke's portrait by Godfrey Kneller, National Portrait Gallery, London. John Locke (/ l ɒ k /; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704 ()) [13] was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism".
The humanist emphasis on critical thinking, moral education, and the study of classical texts has continued to influence educational theory and practice up to the present day. The Renaissance humanists' reimagining of classical education ensured that the wisdom of the ancient world remained a vital part of Western intellectual life, shaping the ...
Political philosopher, educational reformer, composer; Encyclopédist who influenced many Enlightenment figures but did not himself believe in the primacy of reason and was a forerunner of Romanticism. Giovanni Salvemini: 1708-1791: Italian: Mathematician and astronomer. Friedrich Schiller: 1759–1805: German: Philosopher, poet, and playwright ...
In the 19th century, the philosophers of the 18th-century Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect on subsequent developments in philosophy.In particular, the works of Immanuel Kant gave rise to a new generation of German philosophers and began to see wider recognition internationally.
Humboldt's model was based on two ideas of the Enlightenment: the individual and the world citizen.Humboldt believed that the university (and education in general, as in the Prussian education system) should enable students to become autonomous individuals and world citizens by developing their own powers of reasoning in an environment of academic freedom.
Johann Erich Biester was a German lawyer, scholar, and philosopher. Born in Lübeck as the fifth son of the wealthy silk merchant Ernst August Biester who came from Hanover, and his wife Margarethe Eilsabeth Hake, a granddaughter of the Lübeck scholar Jacob von Melle, Biester displayed an early interest in history and literature, distinguishing himself from his merchant brothers.