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Routine screening of women with a glucose challenge test may find more women with gestational diabetes than only screening women with risk factors. [37] Hemoglobin A 1c (HbA1c) is not recommended for diagnosing gestational diabetes, as it is a less reliable marker of glycemia during pregnancy than oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT).
The glucose tolerance test was first described in 1923 by Jerome W. Conn. [4]The test was based on the previous work in 1913 by A. T. B. Jacobson in determining that carbohydrate ingestion results in blood glucose fluctuations, [5] and the premise (named the Staub-Traugott Phenomenon after its first observers H. Staub in 1921 and K. Traugott in 1922) that a normal patient fed glucose will ...
Glucose loading test (GLT) – screens for gestational diabetes; if > 140 mg/dL, a glucose tolerance test (GTT) is administered; a fasting glucose > 105 mg/dL suggests gestational diabetes. [20] Most doctors do a sugar load in a drink form of 50 grams of glucose in cola, lime or orange and draw blood an hour later (plus or minus 5 minutes).
A number in the 5.7-6.4 range is considered prediabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association. A reading of 6.5 or higher is considered diabetes, and anything below 5.7 is considered normal.
Screening for diabetes during pregnancy continues to require fasting and glucose-tolerance measurements for gestational diabetes at 24 to 28 weeks gestation, although glycated hemoglobin may be used for screening at the first prenatal visit. [37]
4 Normal delivery, and other indications for care in pregnancy, labor, and delivery (650–659) 5 Complications occurring mainly in the course of labor and delivery (660–669) 6 Complications of the puerperium (670–677)
Eventually, the body may not produce enough insulin to keep blood sugar in a normal range. Slightly elevated levels are classified as prediabetes, a precursor to type 2 diabetes.
Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.