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The first documented computer architecture was in the correspondence between Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, describing the analytical engine.While building the computer Z1 in 1936, Konrad Zuse described in two patent applications for his future projects that machine instructions could be stored in the same storage used for data, i.e., the stored-program concept.
Scoreboarding is a centralized method, first used in the CDC 6600 computer, for dynamically scheduling instructions so that they can execute out of order when there are no conflicts and the hardware is available. [1] In a scoreboard, the data dependencies of every instruction are logged, tracked and strictly observed at all times. Instructions ...
Very long instruction word (VLIW) refers to instruction set architectures that are designed to exploit instruction-level parallelism (ILP). A VLIW processor allows programs to explicitly specify instructions to execute in parallel, whereas conventional central processing units (CPUs) mostly allow programs to specify instructions to execute in sequence only.
The first machine to use out-of-order execution was the CDC 6600 (1964), designed by James E. Thornton, which uses a scoreboard to avoid conflicts. It permits an instruction to execute if its source operand (read) registers aren't to be written to by any unexecuted earlier instruction (true dependency) and the destination (write) register not be a register used by any unexecuted earlier ...
use out-of-order execution to potentially prevent the need for pipeline bubbles; use operand forwarding to use data from later stages in the pipeline; In the case of out-of-order execution, the algorithm used can be: scoreboarding, in which case a pipeline bubble is needed only when there is no functional unit available
In computer architecture, predication is a feature that provides an alternative to conditional transfer of control, as implemented by conditional branch machine instructions. Predication works by having conditional ( predicated ) non-branch instructions associated with a predicate , a Boolean value used by the instruction to control whether the ...
Architectural state is defined by the instruction set architecture and can be manipulated by the programmer using instructions. A core dump is a file recording the architectural state of a computer program at some point in time, such as when it has crashed. Examples of architectural state include: Main Memory (Primary storage) Control registers
Out-of-order processors derive their name because this may occur out-of-order (if operands to a younger instruction are ready before those of an older instruction). The instruction window has a finite size, and new instructions can enter the window (usually called dispatch or allocate ) only when other instructions leave the window (usually ...