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This petroleum coke can either be fuel grade (high in sulphur and metals) or anode grade (low in sulphur and metals). The raw coke from the coker is often referred to as green coke. [1] In this context, "green" means unprocessed. The further processing of green coke by calcining in a rotary kiln removes residual volatile hydrocarbons from the coke.
A coke oven at a smokeless fuel plant, Abercwmboi, South Wales, 1976. The industrial production of coke from coal is called coking. The coal is baked in an airless kiln, a "coke furnace" or "coking oven", at temperatures as high as 2,000 °C (3,600 °F) but usually around 1,000–1,100 °C (1,800–2,000 °F). [2]
For gas oil, MCR provides a useful correlation in the manufacture of gas there from. [5] For delayed cokers, the MCR of the feed correlates positively to the amount of coke that will be produced. [7] For fluid catalytic cracking units, the MCR of the feed can be used to estimate the feed's coke-forming tendency. [8]
Needle coke, also called acicular coke, is a highly crystalline petroleum coke used in the production of electrodes for the steel and aluminium industries and is particularly valuable because the electrodes must be replaced regularly. Needle coke is produced exclusively from either fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) decant oil or coal tar pitch.
For gas oil, Concarbon provides a useful correlation in the manufacture of gas there from. [4] For delayed cokers, the Concarbon of the feed correlates positively to the amount of coke that will be produced. [5] [6] For fluid catalytic cracking units, the Concarbon of the feed can be used to estimate the feed's coke-forming tendency. [7]
The product coke from a delayed coker has many commercial uses and applications. [7] [10] [11] The largest use is as a fuel. The uses for green coke are: As fuel for space heaters, large industrial steam generators, fluidized bed combustions, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) units and cement kilns; In silicon carbide foundries
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, [1] or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe , flue gas stack , or propelling nozzle .
In the US, producer gas may also be referred to by other names based on the fuel used for production such as wood gas. Producer gas may also be referred to as suction gas. The term suction refers to the way the air was drawn into the gas generator by an internal combustion engine. Wood gas is produced in a gasifier