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Heka (/ ˈ h ɛ k ə /; Ancient Egyptian: ḥkꜣ(w); [1] Coptic: ϩⲓⲕ hik; [2] also transliterated Hekau) was the deification of magic and medicine [3] in ancient Egypt. The name is the Egyptian word for "magic". According to Egyptian literature (Coffin text, spell 261), Heka existed "before duality had yet come into being.
Magic was an important component in Ancient Egyptian culture. Nevertheless, scholars understand very little about Egyptian magical practices. The magician's box is an important discovery because it is the most complete collection found for this profession. The items in the box provide a better context of magic in Ancient Egypt. [3]
Ancient Egyptian Eye of Horus amulet. In ancient Egypt (Kemet in the Egyptian language), Magic (personified as the god heka) was an integral part of religion and culture which is known to us through a substantial corpus of texts which are products of the Egyptian tradition. [22]
The word "magic" is normally used to translate the Egyptian term heka, which meant, as James P. Allen puts it, "the ability to make things happen by indirect means". [92] Heka was believed to be a natural phenomenon, the force which was used to create the universe and which the gods employed to work their will. Humans could also use it, and ...
According to ancient Egyptian creation myths, the god Atum created the world out of chaos, utilizing his own magic . [1] Because the earth was created with magic, Egyptians believed that the world was imbued with magic and so was every living thing upon it.
The crook and flail (heka and nekhakha) were symbols used in ancient Egyptian society. They were originally the attributes of the deity Osiris that became insignia of pharaonic authority. [ 1 ] The shepherd's crook stood for kingship and the flail for the fertility of the land.
In the New Kingdom, Sia is depicted in the solar barque in the underworld texts and tomb decorations, together with Hu, the "creative utterance," and Heka, the god of magic. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] These gods were seen as special powers helping the creator, and although Heka had his own cult Sia did not.
The Greek Magical Papyri (Latin: Papyri Graecae Magicae, abbreviated PGM) is the name given by scholars to a body of papyri from Graeco-Roman Egypt, written mostly in ancient Greek (but also in Old Coptic, Demotic, etc.), which each contain a number of magical spells, formulae, hymns, and rituals.