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In physics, mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, or a photon) travels before substantially changing its direction or energy (or, in a specific context, other properties), typically as a result of one or more successive collisions with other particles.
Universal curve for the electron inelastic mean free path in elements based on equation (5) in. [1] If a monochromatic , primary beam of electrons is incident on a solid surface, the majority of incident electrons lose their energy because they interact strongly with matter , leading to plasmon excitation, electron-hole pair formation, and ...
Since this factor is not related to the radio wave path but comes from the receiving antenna, the term "free-space path loss" is a little misleading. Directivity of receiving antenna- while the above formulas are correct, the presence of Directivities Dt and Dr builds the wrong intuition in the FSPL Friis transmission formula. The formula seems ...
The Knudsen number is a dimensionless number defined as =, where = mean free path [L 1], = representative physical length scale [L 1].. The representative length scale considered, , may correspond to various physical traits of a system, but most commonly relates to a gap length over which thermal transport or mass transport occurs through a gas phase.
Free molecular flow describes the fluid dynamics of gas where the mean free path of the molecules is larger than the size of the chamber or of the object under test. For tubes/objects of the size of several cm, this means pressures well below 10 −3 mbar .
For a Knudsen gas, the Knudsen number must be greater than 1. The Knudsen number can be defined as: = where is the mean free path [m] is the diameter of the receptacle [m]. . When < <, the flow regime of the gas is transitional flow. In this regime the intermolecular collisions between gas particles are not yet negligible compared to collisions with the wall. However when >, the flow regime is ...
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The mean free time for a molecule in a fluid is the average time between collisions. The mean free path of the molecule is the product of the average speed and the mean free time. [ 1 ] These concepts are used in the kinetic theory of gases to compute transport coefficients such as the viscosity .