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Big data "size" is a constantly moving target; as of 2012 ranging from a few dozen terabytes to many zettabytes of data. [25] Big data requires a set of techniques and technologies with new forms of integration to reveal insights from data-sets that are diverse, complex, and of a massive scale. [26]
2 stars: data is available in a structured format, such as Microsoft Excel file format (.xls). 3 stars: data is available in a non-proprietary structured format, such as Comma-separated values (.csv). 4 stars: data follows W3C standards, like using RDF and employing URIs. 5 stars: all of the others, plus links to other Linked Open Data sources.
AIDC is also commonly referred to as "Automatic Identification", "Auto-ID" and "Automatic Data Capture". [2] AIDC is the process or means of obtaining external data, particularly through the analysis of images, sounds, or videos. To capture data, a transducer is employed which converts the actual image or a sound into a digital file. The file ...
Data analysis uses specialized algorithms and statistical calculations that are less often observed in a typical general business environment. For data analysis, software suites like SPSS or SAS, or their free counterparts such as DAP, gretl, or PSPP are often used. These tools are usually helpful for processing various huge data sets, as they ...
The output of a cryptographic hash function, also known as a message digest, can provide strong assurances about data integrity, whether changes of the data are accidental (e.g., due to transmission errors) or maliciously introduced. Any modification to the data will likely be detected through a mismatching hash value.
The goals of a MSA are: Quantification of measurement uncertainty, including the accuracy, precision including repeatability and reproducibility, the stability and linearity of these quantities over time and across the intended range of use of the measurement process.
Providing security to aggregate data in wireless sensor networks is known as secure data aggregation in WSN. [60] [62] [63] were the first few works discussing techniques for secure data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Two main security challenges in secure data aggregation are confidentiality and integrity of data.
Bartlett's test is used to test the null hypothesis, H 0 that all k population variances are equal against the alternative that at least two are different. If there are k samples with sizes and sample variances then Bartlett's test statistic is