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Engineers during World War Two test a model of a Halifax bomber in a wind tunnel, an invention that dates back to 1871.. The following is a list and timeline of innovations as well as inventions and discoveries that involved British people or the United Kingdom including the predecessor states before the Treaty of Union in 1707, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland.
1714: Patent for an apparatus regarded as the first typewriter granted to Henry Mill (c. 1683–1771). [25] 18th century: The Valentine's card first popularised. [26] 1822: The mechanical pencil patented by Sampson Mordan (1790–1843) and John Isaac Hawkins (1772–1855). [27] 1831: Electromagnetic induction & Faraday's law of induction.
Letters Patent for Inventions Act 1835: An Act to amend the law touching letters patent for inventions. The whole act. 2 & 3 Vict. c. 67 Patents Act 1839: An Act to amend an Act of the fifth and sixth years of the reign of King William the Fourth, intituled "An Act to amend the law touching letters patent for inventions." The whole act. 5 & 6 ...
The Statute of Monopolies [1] (21 Jas. 1.c. 3) was an act of the Parliament of England notable as the first statutory expression of English patent law. Patents evolved from letters patent, issued by the monarch to grant monopolies over particular industries to skilled individuals with new techniques.
Another early example of such letters patent was a grant by Henry VI in 1449 to John of Utynam, a Flemish man, for a twenty-year monopoly for his invention. [ 5 ] The first extant Italian patent was awarded by the Republic of Venice in 1416 for a device for turning wool into felt. [ 6 ]
Between 1891 and 1916, 53 volumes of calendars were published, under the title Calendar of the Patent Rolls, covering the years 1232 to 1509. References to these volumes may be abbreviated as CPR or Cal. patent R. 1509–1547. The rolls for the reign of Henry VIII (1509–47) have not been published in a stand-alone form.
The forerunner of the Patent Office, the Office of the Commissioners for Patents, was established by the Patent Law Amendment Act 1852 and opened on 1 October that year. While this is claimed as the date the modern Intellectual Property Office was created it was in fact created later, along with the office of the comptroller under section 82 of ...
When patent litigation is involved (which in year 1999 happened in about 1,600 cases compared to 153,000 patents issued in the same year [98]), costs increase significantly: although 95% of patent litigation cases are settled out of court, [99] those that reach the courts have legal costs on the order of a million dollars per case, not ...